80 years ago this winter, an estimated 20.000 people in the west of the Netherlands died as a result of a Nazi blockade on food and fuel. The ‘Hunger Winter’ is one episode in a war in which 20 million people died of hunger. The use of starvation was so pervasive that Raphael Lemkin – who coined the term ‘genocide’ – identified starvation as one of genocide’s principal tools. Yet it took until 1998 to criminalise it. 

Today, the use of starvation as a weapon of war and genocide is rising, and around 223 million people are being starved as a deliberate policy. For the past, the present and the future, this raises several questions. How does hunger interact with processes of mass violence, such as enforced population movement and genocide? How does starvation intersect with cultural, legal, and ethical frameworks, including the right to food, food sovereignty, and the crime of starvation in international law? And what are the societal impacts of food insecurity and hunger as a localized experience, as well as its longer term, intergenerational effects? Taking World War II, contemporary Gaza, Sudan, and South Sudan as examples, an expert panel will explore the the weaponisation of hunger in its historical, social, economic and political contexts.